Cerium oxide serves as a widely employed material in numerous applications. Its unique chemical and physical properties contribute to its adaptability. For illustration, cerium oxide is frequently utilized in catalytic converters to decrease harmful emissions from vehicles. Moreover, it finds use in the production of polishing compounds due to its

Gold sputtering targets are essential components in various thin-film deposition processes, owing to their exceptional attributes. These targets, often made of high-purity gold, are used in a sputtering system to generate an ionized plasma that deposits a thin layer of gold onto a substrate. The resulting gold films exhibit remarkable reflectivity,